Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s immune system cannot distinguish between healthy cells and harmful invaders. As a result, it mistakenly attacks normal tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and tissue damage. Cause: Exact cause unknown. Likely due to a mix of genetics, environmental triggers, and hormonal factors. Common Symptoms: Fatigue Joint or muscle pain Skin rashes Swelling or redness Fever Difficulty concentrating ("brain fog") Examples of Autoimmune Diseases: Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Multiple Sclerosis Psoriasis Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Celiac Disease Diagnosis: Blood tests (e.g., ANA, CRP, ESR) Physical examination Imaging or biopsy, depending on symptoms Treatment Goals: Control immune response Reduce inflammation and pain Maintain normal function of affected tissues Common Treatments: Corticosteroids Immunosuppressive drugs Biologic therapies (e.g., anti-TNF agents) Lifestyle changes (diet, stress management, physical therapy) Risk Factors: Being female (most autoimmune diseases are more common in women) Family history Certain infections Environmental exposures (e.g., smoking, toxins)